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Fiction Science Club

Fiction outweighs fact in ‘Jurassic World’ dinosaur tale

Nathan Myhrvold, a Seattle tech titan who also studies titanosaurs and other denizens of the dinosaur era, realizes that “Jurassic World Rebirth” is science fiction, not a documentary — nevertheless, he has a few bones to pick with the filmmakers.

“There are some lines that it would be silly to cross, but they did anyway,” says Myhrvold, who was Microsoft’s first chief technology officer back in the 1990s and is currently the CEO of Bellevue, Wash.-based Intellectual Ventures.

Paleontology is one of Myhrvold’s many interests, and he’s a co-author of more than a dozen peer-reviewed papers on the subject. He was inspired to get into dinosaur research almost 30 years ago, when he visited a “Jurassic Park” movie set at the invitation of director Steven Spielberg. That visit led to connections with leading paleontologists.

“At that point in my life, I was interested in dinosaurs, but I’d never been professionally or seriously, in a scientific sense, into dinosaurs,” Myhrvold recalls. “So, the movie was a little bit instrumental in me, just as a way of meeting a bunch of those people.”

On the latest episode of the Fiction Science podcast, Myhrvold and University of Maryland paleontologist Thomas Holtz discuss how much scientists — and filmmakers — have learned about dinosaurs over the past three decades. And they also critique “Jurassic World Rebirth,” the latest offering in a multibillion-dollar movie franchise that was born back in 1993.

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GeekWire

Two documentaries revisit the OceanGate sub tragedy

Nearly two years after OceanGate’s Titan submersible imploded during a dive to the Titanic, killing all five people aboard, two documentaries are bringing fresh perspectives to the disaster. But they also make clear that it’s too early to close the book on the tragedy and its aftermath.

To call the failings of the Everett, Wash.-based venture a tragedy is particularly fitting, because both documentaries focus on the hubris of the tale’s central character, OceanGate CEO Stockton Rush. It was Rush who piloted the sub during its final journey — and who died alongside veteran Titanic explorer Paul-Henri Nargeolet, billionaire adventurer Hamish Harding, and Pakistani-born business executive Shahzada Dawood and his 19-year-old son, Suleman Dawood.

The basic facts of the case are laid out similarly in “Implosion,” now streaming on Discovery+ and HBO Max; and in “Titan,” which made its debut on Netflix today. But if you’re intrigued by the OceanGate saga, there are enough differences between the two shows to make it worth watching them both.

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GeekWire

Scientists create new toolkit to fight brain diseases

Scientists say they’ve put together a new kind of molecular toolkit that could eventually be used to treat a variety of brain diseases, possibly including epilepsy, sleep disorders and Huntington’s disease.

The kit currently contains more than 1,000 tools of a type known as enhancer AAV vectors, with AAV standing for “adeno-associated virus.” A consortium that included researchers from Seattle’s Allen Institute for Brain Science and the University of Washington combined harmless adeno-associated viruses with snippets of engineered DNA to create a gene-therapy package that could target specific neurons in the brain while having no effect on other cells.

Researchers laid out their findings in a set of eight studies published today in the Cell Press family of journals. The work is part of a project called the Armamentarium for Precision Brain Cell Access, funded through the National Institutes of Health’s BRAIN Initiative.

“Honing in on the right cells — in the right way and at the right time — is the future of precision brain medicine,” John Ngai, director of the BRAIN Initiative, said in a news release. “These tools move us closer to that future, while also expanding what we know about the brain’s cells and circuits today.”

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GeekWire

New clues in the search for the roots of consciousness

Seven years after they started, neuroscientists have published the results of a landmark study that was designed to determine which theory of human consciousness came closest to the mark — and those results are decidedly mixed.

The bad news is that neither of the leading theories held a clear advantage in explaining how consciousness arises. The good news is that researchers picked up new clues about where to look.

One of the leaders of the effort — Christof Koch, a meritorious investigator at the Seattle-based Allen Institute — said he was heartened by the state of the debate.

“Adversarial collaboration fits within the Allen Institute’s mission of team science, open science and big science, in service of one of the biggest, and most long-standing, intellectual challenges of humanity: the Mind-Body Problem,” Koch said in a news release. “Unraveling this mystery is the passion of my entire life.”

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GeekWire

New ‘wiring diagram’ traces millions of brain connections

Researchers say they’ve accomplished a feat that was said to be impossible 46 years ago: mapping the cells in a cubic millimeter of brain tissue and tracing their activity.

The achievement, documented today in a set of research papers published by the Nature family of journals, is being compared to the Apollo moon shots that were launched more than 50 years ago, and to drafts of the human genome that were released more than 20 years ago.

Scientists from Seattle’s Allen Institute played a key role in the $100 million effort known as the Machine Intelligence from Cortical Networks program, or MICrONS. More than 150 researchers worked together through MICrONS to create a detailed 3D map of a cubic millimeter taken from a mouse’s brain — and figure out how the 200,000 brain cells in a speck the size of a grain of sand work together.

“It really has been one of the holy grails of the field from the beginning,” Clay Reid, a senior investigator at the Allen Institute, told me. “There are many thousands of neuroscientists who study the cerebral cortex, and pretty much everyone who studies the cerebral cortex would like to be able to know what are the sources of inputs to any given cell within the cortex, and what are the outputs of that cell. That’s what such a complete data set allows one to study.”

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Cosmic Science

How an ancient eruption turned a victim’s brain into glass

Researchers say they’ve solved a nearly 2,000-year-old cold case, sparked by the catastrophic volcanic eruption that destroyed the ancient Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum: What caused a victim’s brain to fuse into bits of glass?

The victim’s remains were unearthed in the 1960s, amid the ruins of a building in Herculaneum known as the Collegium Augustalium. In 2020, researchers announced that obsidian-like glass fragments found in the victim’s skull were actually vitrified bits of brain.

Archaeologists suspect that the victim was a guard who was caught up in the aftermath of Mount Vesuvius’ eruption in the year 79. The man died instantly, but how? For years, scientists have been debating the scenarios for vitrifying the brain in a way that’s never been seen elsewhere. Now an Italian-German research team has laid out a plausible explanation in research published by Scientific Reports.

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Cosmic Science

Archaeologists unearth a pharaoh’s lost tomb in Egypt

Archaeologists are showing off artifacts from what they say is the first royal tomb to be found in Egypt since the discovery of King Tutankhamun’s resting place in 1922.

But this tomb, located west of the Valley of the Kings, contains no solid-gold mummy case or glittering treasures. In fact, it took some effort to determine that it was made nearly 3,500 years ago for King Thutmose II, an ancestor of King Tut.

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Cosmic Science

Scientists find links between whale songs and languages

When whales sing, what do they sing about? Researchers haven’t yet cracked that code, but they say a statistical analysis shows that those songs reflect a structure that’s similar to human languages.

Two studies, published in the journal Science and in a sister publication called Science Advances, lay out evidence that the songs of humpback whales follow long-accepted rules of efficient communication at least as well as our own spoken languages do.

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Cosmic Science

Grand and Egyptian: A tale of two great museums

GIZA, Egypt — Twenty years may sound like a long time for building a monument like the Grand Egyptian Museum, but if you visit, all you have to do is look out the window to spot a historical precedent.

The Great Pyramid of Giza, which is a mile and a half away, took about the same amount of time to build 4,500 years ago. Now it’s the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that’s still standing.

Will the billion-dollar Grand Egyptian Museum be seen as a wonder as well? Just three months after its soft opening, the GEM has established its status as a must-see jewel for fans of ancient Egypt. But if you want to see the greatest hits of Egyptian archaeology, one museum — even a museum with more than 5 million square feet of floor space and 100,000 artifacts destined for display — still isn’t enough.

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Cosmic Science

Oops! That’s not Amelia Earhart’s plane — it’s a rock

Once again, a seemingly promising lead in the search for traces of missing aviation pioneer Amelia Earhart and her plane has fizzled out.

Hopes of solving the 87-year-old mystery were raised in January when Deep Sea Vision, a team of underwater archaeologists and robotics experts led by former Air Force intelligence officer Tony Romeo, said they captured a fuzzy sonar image that looked like an airplane.

Deep Sea Vision said the find was notable because the shape was detected about 100 miles from Howland Island, in an area of the Pacific Ocean where the team suspected Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan, may have gone down during their attempt to fly around the globe in 1937.

“You’d be hard-pressed to convince me that’s anything but an aircraft, for one; and two, that it’s not Amelia’s aircraft,” Romeo said on NBC’s “Today” show when the discovery was announced.

Unfortunately for Romeo and his team, higher-resolution sonar imagery revealed that the shape was merely a natural rock formation lying more than 16,000 feet beneath the ocean surface. The new sonar view was captured this month by an autonomous underwater vehicle.